VEHA

VEHA

Guidance

Virtual Environmental and Humanitarian Adviser Tool – (VEHA Tool) is a tool
to easily integrate environmental considerations in humanitarian response. Field Implementation guidances are useful for the design and execution of humanitarian activities in the field.

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VEHA - Field Implementation Guidance

Welcome
Health
Enabling activities - Health care facilities
Managing hospital, clinic, laboratory, and temporary /field facilities
Waste management

Waste management

Context

Overview
Environmental factors causing/contributing to the needs and affecting the humanitarian activity

Existing health services and community behaviours around waste affects the environment and health. The capacity of the environment to absorb the impacts of waste and pollution impacts the scale of humanitarian assistance required.

Implications
Gender, age, disability and HIV/AIDS implications

Vulnerable people, who are often excluded, should be consulted regarding their needs and capacities, and given choice and information in waste management options.

Impacts

Environmental impact categories

Air pollution
Soil pollution
Water pollution
Eutrophication
Climate Change
Loss of biodiversity and ecosystems
Soil erosion

Summary of Impacts
Potential environmental impacts
  • Air, soil, water pollution from medical and solid waste incineration
  • Soil and water pollution from grey water and black water and solid waste
  • Water pollution from leachates from solid, organic, and medical waste.
  • Natural resource depletion, harm biodiversity and ecosystems, reduce drainage and groundwater recharge, increase flood risk, degrade soil and increase the risk of landslides
  • Greenhouse gas emissions from excessive energy use, and procurement/transport emissions.
Impact detail
Detailed potential environmental impact information
  • Poor practice waste management will lead to air pollution from medical and solid waste incineration; soil and water pollution from grey water and black water disposal and solid waste disposal; water pollution from leachates from solid, organic, and medical waste.
  • Construction practices and materials sourcing can unsustainably deplete natural resources, harm biodiversity and ecosystems, reduce drainage and groundwater recharge, increase flood risk, degrade soil and increase the risk of landslides.
  • Building maintenance, operation, and procurement can increase greenhouse gas emissions from excessive energy use for heating and cooling, and from procurement/transport emissions.

Guidance

Summary
Summary of environmental activities

Environmental impact assessments to help prevent or mitigate environmental impacts, including:

  • Solid, food, organic, sewage, and medical
  • All potential air, soil, and water pollution
  • Potential disease transmission
  • Hazardous substance control such as cleaning products, medicines, and anaesthetics
  • Construction practices
  • Construction material sourcing to avoid unsustainable natural resource use, harm to biodiversity and ecosystems
  • Impacts on-site drainage, watercourses, and groundwater recharge
  • Impacts on vulnerable biodiversity
  • Identify environmental hazards
  • Impacts of building maintenance, operation, and procurement
  • Greenhouse gas emissions from energy for heating, cooling, cooking
  • Transport emissions.
Detail
Detailed guidance for implementing suggested environmental activities

Health facilities and health services should be supported with environmental impact assessments to help prevent or mitigate environmental impacts. This should include sustainable solid waste, medical waste, food waste, and sewage treatment, and should address all potential sources of pollution to air, soil, and water as well as potential disease transmission from person to person.

Cleaning products should be sourced and used appropriately, to minimise negative impacts on the environment, particularly chemical spills and untreated wastewater discharge into the environment. Wherever possible, organic, biodegradeable products should be used where they are of sufficient quality.

Construction practices and materials sourcing should be assessed and planned for to avoid unsustainably depleting natural resources, harm to biodiversity and ecosystems, or negative impacts on on-site drainage, watercourse, and groundwater recharge. Vulnerable biodiversity should be assessed and protected and environmental hazards should be assessed and reduced including flood risk, risk of landslides, and risk of soil degradation.

Building maintenance, operation, and procurement should be assessed to ensure environmentally sustainable practices and products are used, locally sourced if possible.

Greenhouse gas emissions should be assessed and mitigated, for example from excessive energy use for heating and cooling, and from procurement/transport emissions.

Lessons Learnt
Lessons from past experiences

In the Covid 19 response in Bangladesh, the MoH, WHO, UNICEF, IFRC, Donors, and NGOs collaborated in joint procurement of medicines and health items and in joint waste management and recycling, substantially reducing the amount of waste produced.

Activity Measurement
Environmental indicators/monitoring examples

The number of health facilities where an environmental waste management plan has been developed and is being implemented.

Priority
Status
High
Main Focus
Focus of suggested activities
  • Prevention of environmental damage
  • Mitigation of environmental damage
Implications
Resource implications (physical assets, time, effort)

Time, resources and budget to assess waste sources, opportunities for waste reduction, re-use, recycling, treatment and reduce or remove environmental pollution.

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